العمليات على الدوال وتركيب دالتين
العمليات على الدوال وتركيب الدوال
| العملية | الرمز | شرط خاص |
|---|---|---|
| الجمع | تقاطع المجالَين | |
| الطرح | تقاطع المجالَين | |
| الضرب | تقاطع المجالَين | |
| القسمة | ||
| التركيب | f ∘ g ≠ g ∘ f |
العمليات على الدوال
في هذا الدرس سنتعرف على العمليات الأساسية على الدوال، ثم ننتقل إلى مفهوم تركيب الدوال.
تشمل العمليات على الدوال: الجمع، والطرح، والضرب، والقسمة، تمامًا كما نجري العمليات على الأعداد، ولكن مع مراعاة مجالات الدوال.
شرط إجراء العمليات على الدوال
قبل إجراء أي عملية بين دالتين، يجب أن يكون هناك تقاطع في مجال الدالتين.
فإذا كان مجال كل دالة مختلفًا تمامًا عن الأخرى، فلا يمكن إجراء العمليات بينهما، لأن كل دالة تكون معرفة على مجموعة مختلفة من القيم.
جمع الدوال
إذا كانت لدينا الدالتان:
- <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="f(x)=x^2" data-tex="f(x)=x^2" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9.598ex" height="2.452ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -833.9 4242.1 1083.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(550,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(939,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1511,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2177.8,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(3233.6,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(605,363) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g></g></g></svg></span> - <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="g(x)=\sin(x)+x" data-tex="g(x)=\sin(x)+x" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="17.043ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 7533 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(477,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(866,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1438,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2104.8,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3160.6,0)"><use data-c="73" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-73"></use><use data-c="69" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-69" transform="translate(394,0)"></use><use data-c="6E" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-6E" transform="translate(672,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4388.6,0)"><use data-c="2061" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2061"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4388.6,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(4777.6,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(5349.6,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(5960.8,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(6961,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>
فإن جمع الدالتين يكون بجمع التعبيرين مباشرة:
<span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="f(x)+g(x)=x^2+\sin(x)+x" data-tex="f(x)+g(x)=x^2+\sin(x)+x" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="29.155ex" height="2.452ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -833.9 12886.4 1083.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(550,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(939,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1511,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2122.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3122.4,0)"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3599.4,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3988.4,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4560.4,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(5227.2,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(6283,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(605,363) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(7513.8,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(8514,0)"><use data-c="73" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-73"></use><use data-c="69" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-69" transform="translate(394,0)"></use><use data-c="6E" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-6E" transform="translate(672,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(9742,0)"><use data-c="2061" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2061"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(9742,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(10131,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(10703,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(11314.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(12314.4,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>
طرح الدوال
يتم الطرح بنفس الطريقة، لكن يجب الانتباه إلى أن إشارة السالب تطبق على كامل الدالة الثانية.
فإذا كان:
<span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="f(x)=x^2" data-tex="f(x)=x^2" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9.598ex" height="2.452ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -833.9 4242.1 1083.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(550,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(939,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1511,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2177.8,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(3233.6,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(605,363) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g></g></g></svg></span>
و
<span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="g(x)=\sin(x)+x" data-tex="g(x)=\sin(x)+x" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="17.043ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 7533 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(477,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(866,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1438,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2104.8,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3160.6,0)"><use data-c="73" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-73"></use><use data-c="69" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-69" transform="translate(394,0)"></use><use data-c="6E" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-6E" transform="translate(672,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4388.6,0)"><use data-c="2061" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2061"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4388.6,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(4777.6,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(5349.6,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(5960.8,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(6961,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>
فإن:
<span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="f(x)-g(x)=x^2-\sin(x)-x" data-tex="f(x)-g(x)=x^2-\sin(x)-x" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="29.155ex" height="2.452ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -833.9 12886.4 1083.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(550,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(939,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1511,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2122.2,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3122.4,0)"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3599.4,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3988.4,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4560.4,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(5227.2,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(6283,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(605,363) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(7513.8,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(8514,0)"><use data-c="73" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-73"></use><use data-c="69" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-69" transform="translate(394,0)"></use><use data-c="6E" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-6E" transform="translate(672,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(9742,0)"><use data-c="2061" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2061"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(9742,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(10131,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(10703,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(11314.2,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(12314.4,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>
ضرب الدوال
في عملية الضرب نضرب كل حدود الدالة الأولى في حدود الدالة الثانية.
فإذا كان:
<span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="f(x)=x^2" data-tex="f(x)=x^2" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9.598ex" height="2.452ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -833.9 4242.1 1083.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(550,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(939,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1511,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2177.8,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(3233.6,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(605,363) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g></g></g></svg></span>
و
<span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="g(x)=\sin(x)+x" data-tex="g(x)=\sin(x)+x" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="17.043ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 7533 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(477,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(866,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1438,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2104.8,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3160.6,0)"><use data-c="73" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-73"></use><use data-c="69" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-69" transform="translate(394,0)"></use><use data-c="6E" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-6E" transform="translate(672,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4388.6,0)"><use data-c="2061" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2061"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4388.6,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(4777.6,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(5349.6,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(5960.8,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(6961,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>
فإن:
<span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="f(x)\times g(x)=x^2(\sin(x)+x)" data-tex="f(x)\times g(x)=x^2(\sin(x)+x)" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="28.149ex" height="2.452ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -833.9 12442 1083.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(550,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(939,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1511,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2122.2,0)"><use data-c="D7" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-D7"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3122.4,0)"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3599.4,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3988.4,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4560.4,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(5227.2,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(6283,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(605,363) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(7291.6,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(7680.6,0)"><use data-c="73" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-73"></use><use data-c="69" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-69" transform="translate(394,0)"></use><use data-c="6E" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-6E" transform="translate(672,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(8908.6,0)"><use data-c="2061" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2061"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(8908.6,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(9297.6,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(9869.6,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(10480.8,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(11481,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(12053,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>
وبعد التوزيع يصبح الناتج:
<span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="x^2\sin(x)+x^3" data-tex="x^2\sin(x)+x^3" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="13.539ex" height="2.452ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -833.9 5984.2 1083.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="msup"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(605,363) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1175.2,0)"><use data-c="73" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-73"></use><use data-c="69" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-69" transform="translate(394,0)"></use><use data-c="6E" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-6E" transform="translate(672,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2403.2,0)"><use data-c="2061" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2061"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2403.2,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2792.2,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3364.2,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3975.4,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(4975.7,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(605,363) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use></g></g></g></g></svg></span>
قسمة الدوال
في القسمة نقسم الدالة الأولى على الثانية مباشرة:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="\frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = \frac{x^2}{\sin(x)+x}" data-tex="\frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = \frac{x^2}{\sin(x)+x}" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -2.172ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="19.199ex" height="5.588ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -1509.9 8486 2469.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mfrac"><g data-mml-node="mrow" transform="translate(220,710)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(550,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(939,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1511,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mrow" transform="translate(256.5,-710)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(477,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(866,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1438,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g></g><rect width="2100" height="60" x="120" y="220"></rect></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2617.8,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mfrac" transform="translate(3673.6,0)"><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(1901.9,676)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(605,363) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mrow" transform="translate(220,-710)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="73" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-73"></use><use data-c="69" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-69" transform="translate(394,0)"></use><use data-c="6E" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-6E" transform="translate(672,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1228,0)"><use data-c="2061" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2061"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1228,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1617,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2189,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2800.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3800.4,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g></g><rect width="4572.4" height="60" x="120" y="220"></rect></g></g></g></svg></div>
ويجب الانتباه إلى شرط مهم، وهو أن:
<span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="g(x)\neq0" data-tex="g(x)\neq0" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8.282ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 3660.6 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(477,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(866,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1438,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2104.8,0)"><use data-c="2260" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2260"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(3160.6,0)"><use data-c="30" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-30"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>
حتى لا يصبح المقام صفراً، لأن القسمة على الصفر غير معرفة.
تركيب الدوال
بعد العمليات الأساسية ننتقل إلى مفهوم **تركيب الدوال**.
ويرمز له بالشكل:
<span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="f\circ g(x)" data-tex="f\circ g(x)" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="7.515ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 3321.4 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(772.2,0)"><use data-c="2218" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2218"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1494.4,0)"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1971.4,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2360.4,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2932.4,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>
ويُقرأ:
**f تركيب g**
والمقصود به أن نطبق الدالة <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="g" data-tex="g" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.464ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1.079ex" height="1.464ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -442 477 647" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g></g></g></svg></span> أولاً، ثم نطبق الدالة <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="f" data-tex="f" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.464ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1.244ex" height="2.059ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -705 550 910" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g></g></g></svg></span> على الناتج.
طريقة تركيب الدوال
إذا كانت:
- <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="f(x)=x^2" data-tex="f(x)=x^2" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9.598ex" height="2.452ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -833.9 4242.1 1083.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(550,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(939,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1511,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2177.8,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(3233.6,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(605,363) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g></g></g></svg></span> - <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="g(x)=\sin(x)+x" data-tex="g(x)=\sin(x)+x" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="17.043ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 7533 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(477,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(866,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1438,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2104.8,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3160.6,0)"><use data-c="73" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-73"></use><use data-c="69" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-69" transform="translate(394,0)"></use><use data-c="6E" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-6E" transform="translate(672,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4388.6,0)"><use data-c="2061" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2061"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4388.6,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(4777.6,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(5349.6,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(5960.8,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(6961,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>
فإن:
<span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="f\circ g(x)" data-tex="f\circ g(x)" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="7.515ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 3321.4 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(772.2,0)"><use data-c="2218" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2218"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1494.4,0)"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1971.4,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2360.4,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2932.4,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>
يعني أننا نأخذ معادلة <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="f(x)" data-tex="f(x)" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="4.299ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 1900 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(550,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(939,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1511,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>، ثم نستبدل كل <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="x" data-tex="x" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.025ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1.294ex" height="1.025ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -442 572 453" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g></g></g></svg></span> فيها بالدالة <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="g(x)" data-tex="g(x)" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="4.133ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 1827 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(477,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(866,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1438,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>.
فتصبح:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="(\sin(x)+x)^2" data-tex="(\sin(x)+x)^2" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12.64ex" height="2.565ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -883.9 5587 1133.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(389,0)"><use data-c="73" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-73"></use><use data-c="69" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-69" transform="translate(394,0)"></use><use data-c="6E" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-6E" transform="translate(672,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1617,0)"><use data-c="2061" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2061"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1617,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2006,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2578,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3189.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(4189.4,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(4761.4,0)"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(422,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g></g></g></svg></div>
وبفك التربيع نحصل على:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="\sin^2(x)+2x\sin(x)+x^2" data-tex="\sin^2(x)+2x\sin(x)+x^2" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23.268ex" height="2.565ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -883.9 10284.7 1133.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="msup"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="73" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-73"></use><use data-c="69" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-69" transform="translate(394,0)"></use><use data-c="6E" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-6E" transform="translate(672,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(1261,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1664.6,0)"><use data-c="2061" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2061"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1664.6,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2053.6,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2625.6,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3236.8,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(4237,0)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(4737,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(5475.7,0)"><use data-c="73" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-73"></use><use data-c="69" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-69" transform="translate(394,0)"></use><use data-c="6E" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-6E" transform="translate(672,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(6703.7,0)"><use data-c="2061" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2061"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(6703.7,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(7092.7,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(7664.7,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(8275.9,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(9276.1,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(605,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g></g></g></svg></div>
عكس ترتيب التركيب
إذا حسبنا:
<span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="g\circ f(x)" data-tex="g\circ f(x)" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="7.515ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 3321.4 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(699.2,0)"><use data-c="2218" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2218"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1421.4,0)"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1971.4,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2360.4,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2932.4,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>
فنأخذ الدالة <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="g(x)" data-tex="g(x)" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="4.133ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 1827 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(477,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(866,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1438,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>، ثم نستبدل المتغير <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="x" data-tex="x" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.025ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1.294ex" height="1.025ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -442 572 453" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g></g></g></svg></span> بالدالة <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="f(x)" data-tex="f(x)" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="4.299ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 1900 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(550,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(939,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1511,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>.
فتصبح:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="\sin(x^2)+x^2" data-tex="\sin(x^2)+x^2" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="11.868ex" height="2.565ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -883.9 5245.6 1133.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="73" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-73"></use><use data-c="69" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-69" transform="translate(394,0)"></use><use data-c="6E" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-6E" transform="translate(672,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1228,0)"><use data-c="2061" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2061"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1228,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(1617,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(605,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2625.6,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3236.8,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(4237,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(605,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g></g></g></svg></div>
وهذا يوضح أن:
<span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="f\circ g" data-tex="f\circ g" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.464ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="4.46ex" height="2.059ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -705 1971.4 910" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(772.2,0)"><use data-c="2218" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2218"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1494.4,0)"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>
لا يساوي بالضرورة
<span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="g\circ f" data-tex="g\circ f" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.464ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="4.46ex" height="2.059ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -705 1971.4 910" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(699.2,0)"><use data-c="2218" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2218"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1421.4,0)"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>
لأن ترتيب التركيب يغيّر الناتج.
مثال آخر على تركيب الدوال
إذا كانت:
- <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="g(x)=x-4" data-tex="g(x)=x-4" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12.342ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 5455 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(477,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(866,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1438,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2104.8,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3160.6,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3954.8,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(4955,0)"><use data-c="34" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-34"></use></g></g></g></svg></span> - <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="f(x)=x^2+1" data-tex="f(x)=x^2+1" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="13.494ex" height="2.452ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -833.9 5964.6 1083.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(550,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(939,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1511,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2177.8,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(3233.6,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(605,363) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4464.3,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(5464.6,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>
ونريد إيجاد:
<span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="f\circ g(x)" data-tex="f\circ g(x)" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="7.515ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 3321.4 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(772.2,0)"><use data-c="2218" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2218"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1494.4,0)"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1971.4,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2360.4,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2932.4,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>
فنأخذ:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="f(x)=x^2+1" data-tex="f(x)=x^2+1" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="13.494ex" height="2.565ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -883.9 5964.6 1133.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(550,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(939,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1511,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2177.8,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(3233.6,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(605,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4464.3,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(5464.6,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
ثم نستبدل كل <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="x" data-tex="x" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.025ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1.294ex" height="1.025ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -442 572 453" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g></g></g></svg></span> بـ:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="x-4" data-tex="x-4" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="5.191ex" height="1.717ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -677 2294.4 759" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(794.2,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(1794.4,0)"><use data-c="34" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-34"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
فنحصل على:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="(x-4)^2+1" data-tex="(x-4)^2+1" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="11.836ex" height="2.565ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -883.9 5231.4 1133.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(389,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1183.2,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2183.4,0)"><use data-c="34" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-34"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(2683.4,0)"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(422,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3731.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(4731.4,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
وبالتبسيط:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="x^2-8x+16+1" data-tex="x^2-8x+16+1" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16.398ex" height="2.185ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -883.9 7247.9 965.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="msup"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(605,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1230.8,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2231,0)"><use data-c="38" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-38"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2731,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3525.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(4525.4,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use><use data-c="36" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-36" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(5747.7,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(6747.9,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
فتكون النتيجة:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="x^2-8x+17" data-tex="x^2-8x+17" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12.501ex" height="2.185ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -883.9 5525.4 965.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="msup"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(605,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1230.8,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2231,0)"><use data-c="38" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-38"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2731,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3525.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(4525.4,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use><use data-c="37" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-37" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
مثال على عكس الترتيب
إذا أردنا إيجاد:
<span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="g\circ f(x)" data-tex="g\circ f(x)" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="7.515ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 3321.4 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(699.2,0)"><use data-c="2218" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2218"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1421.4,0)"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1971.4,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2360.4,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2932.4,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>
فنأخذ:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="g(x)=x-4" data-tex="g(x)=x-4" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12.342ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 5455 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(477,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(866,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1438,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2104.8,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3160.6,0)"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3954.8,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(4955,0)"><use data-c="34" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-34"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
ثم نستبدل كل <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="x" data-tex="x" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.025ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1.294ex" height="1.025ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -442 572 453" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g></g></g></svg></span> بالدالة:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="x^2+1" data-tex="x^2+1" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="6.179ex" height="2.185ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -883.9 2731 965.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="msup"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(605,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1230.8,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2231,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
فتصبح:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="(x^2+1)-4" data-tex="(x^2+1)-4" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="11.836ex" height="2.565ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -883.9 5231.4 1133.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(389,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(605,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1619.8,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2620,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3120,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3731.2,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(4731.4,0)"><use data-c="34" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-34"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
وبالتبسيط نحصل على:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="x^2-3" data-tex="x^2-3" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="6.179ex" height="2.185ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -883.9 2731 965.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="msup"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(605,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1230.8,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2231,0)"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
ملخص الدرس
- يمكن إجراء الجمع والطرح والضرب والقسمة بين الدوال إذا كان هناك تقاطع في مجاليهما. - في القسمة يجب التأكد من أن مقام الدالة لا يساوي صفراً. - تركيب الدوال يعني تعويض متغير إحدى الدالتين بالدالة الأخرى. - عند حساب <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="f\circ g" data-tex="f\circ g" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.464ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="4.46ex" height="2.059ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -705 1971.4 910" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(772.2,0)"><use data-c="2218" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2218"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1494.4,0)"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g></g></g></svg></span> نستبدل <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="x" data-tex="x" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.025ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1.294ex" height="1.025ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -442 572 453" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D465" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D465"></use></g></g></g></svg></span> في الدالة <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="f" data-tex="f" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.464ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1.244ex" height="2.059ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -705 550 910" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g></g></g></svg></span> بالدالة <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="g" data-tex="g" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.464ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1.079ex" height="1.464ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -442 477 647" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>. - ترتيب تركيب الدوال مهم، وغالبًا يكون <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="f\circ g" data-tex="f\circ g" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.464ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="4.46ex" height="2.059ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -705 1971.4 910" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(772.2,0)"><use data-c="2218" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2218"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1494.4,0)"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g></g></g></svg></span> مختلفًا عن <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="g\circ f" data-tex="g\circ f" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.464ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="4.46ex" height="2.059ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -705 1971.4 910" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D454" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D454"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(699.2,0)"><use data-c="2218" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2218"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1421.4,0)"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g></g></g></svg></span>.
عن هذا الدرس
العمليات على الدوال في هذا الدرس سنتعرف على العمليات الأساسية على الدوال، ثم ننتقل إلى مفهوم تركيب الدوال. تشمل العمليات على الدوال: الجمع، والطرح،… هذا الدرس ضمن الفصل الثاني لمنهج الثانوية ثاني ثانوي في أكاديمية موسى.