ضرب الأعداد المركبة و قسمتها
ضرب وقسمة الأعداد المركبة
الرياضيات — الأعداد المركبة
فرق المربعين — النتيجة دائماً عدد حقيقي موجب
البسط = 12 + 6i
| العملية | الخطوات |
|---|---|
| الضرب | توزيع ← استبدال i² بـ −1 ← تجميع |
| العدد المرافق | مرافق a+bi هو a−bi |
| فرق المربعين | (a+bi)(a−bi) = a² + b² |
| القسمة | ضرب في مرافق المقام ← تبسيط ← a+bi |
— العدد المرافق: نغيّر إشارة الجزء التخيلي فقط — الحقيقي يبقى كما هو.
— فرق المربعين: (a+bi)(a−bi) = a²+b² دائماً يعطي عدداً حقيقياً.
— القسمة: نضرب في مرافق المقام لتحويل المقام إلى عدد حقيقي.
— الهدف دائماً: الوصول إلى الصيغة القياسية a + bi في النتيجة.
ضرب وقسمة الأعداد المركبة — مسائل محلولة
الرياضيات — الأعداد المركبة
| العملية | الخطوات |
|---|---|
| الضرب | توزيع ← استبدال i² بـ −1 ← تجميع |
| القسمة | مرافق المقام ← حساب البسط والمقام ← تبسيط |
| فرق المربعين | (a+bi)(a−bi) = a² + b² |
— القسمة: اضرب في مرافق المقام لتحويله إلى عدد حقيقي باستخدام فرق المربعين.
— الصيغة النهائية: دائماً اكتب النتيجة على شكل a + bi مع تبسيط الكسور.
اختبار: ضرب وقسمة الأعداد المركبة
1 / 10في هذا الدرس سنتعلم كيفية **ضرب وقسمة الأعداد المركبة**، والهدف في النهاية هو كتابة الناتج على الصورة القياسية، بحيث يتكون من **جزء حقيقي** وجزء تخيلي.
ضرب الأعداد المركبة
إذا كان لدينا:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="(2+4i)(9-3i)" data-tex="(2+4i)(9-3i)" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15.138ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 6690.9 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(389,0)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1111.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2111.4,0)"><use data-c="34" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-34"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2611.4,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2956.4,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3345.4,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(3734.4,0)"><use data-c="39" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-39"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4456.7,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(5456.9,0)"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(5956.9,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(6301.9,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
فنوزع الضرب كما نفعل مع كثيرات الحدود:
- <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="2 \times 9 = 18" data-tex="2 \times 9 = 18" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10.308ex" height="1.692ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -666 4556 748" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(722.2,0)"><use data-c="D7" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-D7"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(1722.4,0)"><use data-c="39" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-39"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2500.2,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(3556,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use><use data-c="38" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-38" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g></g></g></svg></span> - <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="2 \times (-3i) = -6i" data-tex="2 \times (-3i) = -6i" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16.018ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 7080 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(722.2,0)"><use data-c="D7" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-D7"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1722.4,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2111.4,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2889.4,0)"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3389.4,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3734.4,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4401.2,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(5457,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(6235,0)"><use data-c="36" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-36"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(6735,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g></g></g></svg></span> - <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="4i \times 9 = 36i" data-tex="4i \times 9 = 36i" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="11.869ex" height="1.717ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -677 5246 759" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><use data-c="34" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-34"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(500,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1067.2,0)"><use data-c="D7" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-D7"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2067.4,0)"><use data-c="39" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-39"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2845.2,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(3901,0)"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use><use data-c="36" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-36" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(4901,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g></g></g></svg></span> - <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="4i \times (-3i) = -12i^2" data-tex="4i \times (-3i) = -12i^2" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18.918ex" height="2.452ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -833.9 8361.6 1083.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><use data-c="34" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-34"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(500,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1067.2,0)"><use data-c="D7" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-D7"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2067.4,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2456.4,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(3234.4,0)"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3734.4,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4079.4,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4746.2,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(5802,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(6580,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(7580,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(378,363) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g></g></g></svg></span>
ونتذكر أن:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="i^2=-1" data-tex="i^2=-1" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="7.677ex" height="2.185ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -883.9 3393.1 965.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="msup"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(378,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1059.3,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2115.1,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2893.1,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
إذن:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="-12i^2=-12(-1)=12" data-tex="-12i^2=-12(-1)=12" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22.762ex" height="2.565ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -883.9 10060.7 1133.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(778,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(1778,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(378,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2837.3,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3893.1,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(4671.1,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(5671.1,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(6060.1,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(6838.1,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(7338.1,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(8004.9,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(9060.7,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
ثم نجمع الحدود المتشابهة:
- الجزء الحقيقي:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="18+12=30" data-tex="18+12=30" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12.57ex" height="1.692ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -666 5556 748" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use><use data-c="38" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-38" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1222.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2222.4,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3500.2,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(4556,0)"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use><use data-c="30" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-30" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
- الجزء التخيلي:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="-6i+36i=30i" data-tex="-6i+36i=30i" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15.541ex" height="1.692ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -666 6869 748" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(778,0)"><use data-c="36" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-36"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1278,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1845.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2845.4,0)"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use><use data-c="36" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-36" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3845.4,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4468.2,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(5524,0)"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use><use data-c="30" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-30" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(6524,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
فيكون الناتج النهائي:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="30+30i" data-tex="30+30i" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8.071ex" height="1.692ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -666 3567.4 748" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use><use data-c="30" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-30" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1222.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2222.4,0)"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use><use data-c="30" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-30" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3222.4,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
قسمة الأعداد المركبة
عند قسمة عدد مركب على عدد مركب، فإن الهدف هو التخلص من الجزء التخيلي في المقام.
ولتحقيق ذلك نضرب البسط والمقام في **مرافق المقام**.
فإذا كان المقام على الصورة:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="a+bi" data-tex="a+bi" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="5.714ex" height="1.756ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -694 2525.4 776" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D44E" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D44E"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(751.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1751.4,0)"><use data-c="1D44F" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D44F"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2180.4,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
فإن مرافقه هو:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="a-bi" data-tex="a-bi" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="5.714ex" height="1.756ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -694 2525.4 776" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D44E" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D44E"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(751.2,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1751.4,0)"><use data-c="1D44F" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D44F"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2180.4,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
مثال
إذا كان لدينا:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="\frac{2i}{3+6i}" data-tex="\frac{2i}{3+6i}" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -1.738ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="6.804ex" height="4.774ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -1342 3007.4 2110" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mfrac"><g data-mml-node="mrow" transform="translate(1081.2,676)"><g data-mml-node="mn"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(500,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mrow" transform="translate(220,-686)"><g data-mml-node="mn"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(722.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(1722.4,0)"><use data-c="36" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-36"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2222.4,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g></g><rect width="2767.4" height="60" x="120" y="220"></rect></g></g></g></svg></div>
فنضرب البسط والمقام في مرافق المقام:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="3-6i" data-tex="3-6i" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="5.809ex" height="1.692ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -666 2567.4 748" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(722.2,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(1722.4,0)"><use data-c="36" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-36"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2222.4,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
فتصبح:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="\frac{2i(3-6i)}{(3+6i)(3-6i)}" data-tex="\frac{2i(3-6i)}{(3+6i)(3-6i)}" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -2.172ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16.133ex" height="5.475ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -1460 7130.9 2420" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mfrac"><g data-mml-node="mrow" transform="translate(1470.2,710)"><g data-mml-node="mn"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(500,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(845,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(1234,0)"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1956.2,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2956.4,0)"><use data-c="36" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-36"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3456.4,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3801.4,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mrow" transform="translate(220,-710)"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(389,0)"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1111.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2111.4,0)"><use data-c="36" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-36"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2611.4,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2956.4,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3345.4,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(3734.4,0)"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4456.7,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(5456.9,0)"><use data-c="36" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-36"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(5956.9,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(6301.9,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g></g><rect width="6890.9" height="60" x="120" y="220"></rect></g></g></g></svg></div>
تبسيط البسط
نوزع الضرب:
- <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="2i \times 3 = 6i" data-tex="2i \times 3 = 6i" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10.738ex" height="1.692ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -666 4746 748" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(500,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1067.2,0)"><use data-c="D7" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-D7"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2067.4,0)"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2845.2,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(3901,0)"><use data-c="36" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-36"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(4401,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g></g></g></svg></span> - <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="2i \times (-6i) = -12i^2" data-tex="2i \times (-6i) = -12i^2" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18.918ex" height="2.452ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -833.9 8361.6 1083.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(500,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1067.2,0)"><use data-c="D7" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-D7"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2067.4,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2456.4,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(3234.4,0)"><use data-c="36" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-36"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3734.4,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4079.4,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4746.2,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(5802,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(6580,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(7580,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(378,363) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g></g></g></svg></span>
وبما أن:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="i^2=-1" data-tex="i^2=-1" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="7.677ex" height="2.185ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -883.9 3393.1 965.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="msup"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(378,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1059.3,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2115.1,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2893.1,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
فإن:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="-12i^2=12" data-tex="-12i^2=12" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="11.07ex" height="2.185ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -883.9 4893.1 965.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(778,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(1778,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(378,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2837.3,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(3893.1,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
إذن يصبح البسط:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="12+6i" data-tex="12+6i" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="6.94ex" height="1.692ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -666 3067.4 748" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1222.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2222.4,0)"><use data-c="36" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-36"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2722.4,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
تبسيط المقام
يمكن حساب المقام باستخدام فرق بين مربعين:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="(a+b)(a-b)=a^2-b^2" data-tex="(a+b)(a-b)=a^2-b^2" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23.312ex" height="2.565ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -883.9 10304 1133.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(389,0)"><use data-c="1D44E" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D44E"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1140.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2140.4,0)"><use data-c="1D44F" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D44F"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2569.4,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2958.4,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3347.4,0)"><use data-c="1D44E" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D44E"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4098.7,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(5098.9,0)"><use data-c="1D44F" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D44F"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(5527.9,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(6194.7,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(7250.4,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D44E" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D44E"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(562,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(8438.2,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(9438.4,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D44F" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D44F"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(462,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g></g></g></svg></div>
فتصبح:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="3^2-(6i)^2" data-tex="3^2-(6i)^2" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9.544ex" height="2.565ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -883.9 4218.6 1133.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="msup"><g data-mml-node="mn"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(533,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1158.8,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2159,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2548,0)"><use data-c="36" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-36"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3048,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(3393,0)"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(422,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g></g></g></svg></div>
أي:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="9-36i^2" data-tex="9-36i^2" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="7.928ex" height="2.185ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -883.9 3504 965.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><use data-c="39" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-39"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(722.2,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(1722.4,0)"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use><use data-c="36" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-36" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(2722.4,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(378,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g></g></g></svg></div>
وبما أن:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="i^2=-1" data-tex="i^2=-1" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="7.677ex" height="2.185ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -883.9 3393.1 965.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="msup"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(378,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1059.3,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2115.1,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2893.1,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
فإن:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="9-36(-1)=9+36=45" data-tex="9-36(-1)=9+36=45" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25.267ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 11168 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><use data-c="39" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-39"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(722.2,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(1722.4,0)"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use><use data-c="36" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-36" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2722.4,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3111.4,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(3889.4,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(4389.4,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(5056.2,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(6112,0)"><use data-c="39" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-39"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(6834.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(7834.4,0)"><use data-c="33" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-33"></use><use data-c="36" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-36" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(9112.2,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(10168,0)"><use data-c="34" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-34"></use><use data-c="35" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-35" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
ويمكن أيضًا الوصول إلى النتيجة نفسها بالتوزيع المباشر.
كتابة الناتج بالصورة القياسية
يصبح الناتج:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="\frac{12+6i}{45}" data-tex="\frac{12+6i}{45}" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -1.602ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="7.935ex" height="4.638ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -1342 3507.4 2050" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mfrac"><g data-mml-node="mrow" transform="translate(220,676)"><g data-mml-node="mn"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1222.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2222.4,0)"><use data-c="36" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-36"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2722.4,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(1253.7,-686)"><use data-c="34" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-34"></use><use data-c="35" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-35" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><rect width="3267.4" height="60" x="120" y="220"></rect></g></g></g></svg></div>
ثم نفصل الجزء الحقيقي عن الجزء التخيلي:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="\frac{12}{45}+\frac{6}{45}i" data-tex="\frac{12}{45}+\frac{6}{45}i" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -1.602ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10.062ex" height="4.638ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -1342 4447.4 2050" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mfrac"><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(220,676)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(220,-686)"><use data-c="34" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-34"></use><use data-c="35" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-35" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><rect width="1200" height="60" x="120" y="220"></rect></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1662.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mfrac" transform="translate(2662.4,0)"><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(470,676)"><use data-c="36" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-36"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(220,-686)"><use data-c="34" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-34"></use><use data-c="35" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-35" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><rect width="1200" height="60" x="120" y="220"></rect></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(4102.4,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
وبتبسيط الكسور بقسمة البسط والمقام على 3 نحصل على:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="\frac{4}{15}+\frac{2}{15}i" data-tex="\frac{4}{15}+\frac{2}{15}i" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -1.602ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10.062ex" height="4.663ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -1353 4447.4 2061" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mfrac"><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(470,676)"><use data-c="34" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-34"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(220,-686)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use><use data-c="35" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-35" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><rect width="1200" height="60" x="120" y="220"></rect></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1662.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mfrac" transform="translate(2662.4,0)"><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(470,676)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(220,-686)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use><use data-c="35" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-35" transform="translate(500,0)"></use></g><rect width="1200" height="60" x="120" y="220"></rect></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(4102.4,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
الخلاصة
- عند ضرب الأعداد المركبة نستخدم التوزيع، مع تذكر أن:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="i^2=-1" data-tex="i^2=-1" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="7.677ex" height="2.185ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -883.9 3393.1 965.9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="msup"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(378,413) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-32"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1059.3,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2115.1,0)"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2212"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2893.1,0)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-31"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
- بعد الضرب نجمع الأجزاء الحقيقية معًا، والأجزاء التخيلية معًا. - عند القسمة نضرب البسط والمقام في **مرافق المقام** للتخلص من الجزء التخيلي. - ثم نكتب الناتج في الصورة القياسية:
<div class="math-display" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;direction:ltr;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;"><svg aria-label="a+bi" data-tex="a+bi" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="5.714ex" height="1.756ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -694 2525.4 776" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D44E" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D44E"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(751.2,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1751.4,0)"><use data-c="1D44F" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D44F"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2180.4,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g></g></g></svg></div>
حيث <span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="a" data-tex="a" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.023ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1.197ex" height="1.02ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -441 529 451" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D44E" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D44E"></use></g></g></g></svg></span> هو الجزء الحقيقي، و<span class="math-inline" dir="ltr" style="display:inline-block;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 2px;"><svg aria-label="bi" data-tex="bi" style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: -0.025ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1.751ex" height="1.595ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -694 774 705" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D44F" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D44F"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(429,0)"><use data-c="1D456" xlink:href="#MJXG-TEX-I-1D456"></use></g></g></g></svg></span> هو الجزء التخيلي.
عن هذا الدرس
في هذا الدرس سنتعلم كيفية ضرب وقسمة الأعداد المركبة، والهدف في النهاية هو كتابة الناتج على الصورة القياسية، بحيث يتكون من جزء حقيقي وجزء تخيلي. ضرب… هذا الدرس ضمن الفصل الأول لمنهج الثانوية ثاني ثانوي في أكاديمية موسى.